GoodMarble

Biblical Literature, First introductory discourse of Moses

2005-04-04T14:57:00.000-07:00

The first introductory discourse, spoken by Moses, traces the journey of the Israelites from Mt. Horeb to Moab, with some noticeable differences in detail from the account in Exodus and Numbers and an emphasis on Moses being banned from entrance into the Promised Land because the Lord was angry at the Israelites. To this historical retrospect is appended an exhortation

Swazi

2005-04-04T03:15:00.000-07:00

Bantu-speaking people inhabiting the tree-studded grasslands of Swaziland, the neighbouring Eastern Transvaal province of South Africa, and Mozambique. The Swazi, who are chiefly agriculturists and pastoralists, numbered about 1,810,000 in the late 20th century. The language of the Swazi, called Swati or Swazi, belongs to the Benue-Congo group of the Niger-Congo languages;

Manchuria

2005-04-03T08:42:00.000-07:00

In the closing decades of the 19th century, foreign powers, particularly Russia and Japan, began to eye Manchuria as a fruitful field for imperialist expansion. The conflict between Russia and Japan for the control of Manchuria first raged over the possession of the Liaotung Peninsula. As the prize of its victory in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95, Japan demanded from China

Crome, John

2005-04-02T21:53:00.000-08:00

During his apprenticeship to a housepainter, Crome devoted what leisure time he had to sketching from nature. Through the influence

Art For Art's Sake

2005-04-02T16:21:00.000-08:00

A slogan translated from the French l'art pour l'art, which was coined in the early 19th century by the French philosopher Victor Cousin. The phrase expresses the belief held by many writers and artists, especially those associated with Aestheticism, that art needs no justification, that it need serve no political, didactic, or other end.

Wyckoff, Ralph Walter Graystone

2005-04-02T04:13:00.000-08:00

Wyckoff was educated at Cornell University and was an instructor in analytical chemistry from 1917 to 1919. He subsequently worked in the Geophysical Laboratory

Kerman Carpet

2005-03-30T18:00:00.000-08:00

Kerman also spelled Kirman, floor covering handwoven in or about the city of Kerman in southern Iran, which has been the origin since the 16th century of highly sophisticated carpets in well-organized designs. To this city is now generally attributed a wide variety of 16th- and 17th-century carpets, including Vase carpets; rugs with rows of shrubs; arabesque carpets; the finest of the Garden carpets; and,

Schendel, Arthur (-françois-émile) Van

2005-03-30T11:15:00.000-08:00

His first important novels Een zwerver verliefd (1904; “A Wanderer in Love”) and Een zwerver verdwaald (1907; “A Lost Wanderer”) are set in medieval Italy,

Alabama, Education

2005-03-30T09:53:00.000-08:00

Elementary and secondary education in Alabama have improved substantially since the 1960s, though public schools in the state suffer from very weak local funding resulting from the state's low taxation on property. Teachers' salaries have risen since the early 1970s. Rural schools get less support than urban ones. Most public schools are integrated racially, though a substantial

Downs

2005-03-29T16:40:00.000-08:00

Because

Canary Islands

2005-03-29T16:30:00.000-08:00

Spanish Islas Canarias comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Spain, consisting of an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest island being 67 miles (108 km) off the northwest African mainland. The Canaries comprise the Spanish provincias of Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, as well as the insular councils of Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, Tenerife, La Palma, Gomera, and

Ards

2005-03-29T11:26:00.000-08:00

Irish An Aird district, Northern Ireland. Formerly within County Down, in 1973 Ards was established as a district with an area of 139 sq mi (361 sq km). It extends northward from just south of the village of Killinchy along the western shoreline of Strangford Lough (inlet of the sea) to the town of Newtownards and encompasses the peninsula of land east of Strangford Lough. Bordered by North Down

Catastasis

2005-03-26T19:29:00.000-08:00

Plural catastases the dramatic complication that immediately precedes the climax of a play or that occurs during the climax of a play. Compare catastrophe.

Hale, Sir Matthew

2005-03-26T09:20:00.000-08:00

Hale was the son of Robert Hale, a barrister. Orphaned at

Earth, The surface of the Earth as a mosaic of plates

2005-03-25T11:01:00.000-08:00

When earthquake epicentres are plotted on a map of the world, it is apparent that most of them are confined to relatively narrow bands rather than being uniformly distributed over the Earth's surface. The narrow bands along which earthquakes occur are located at the margins of large plates that are moving relative to each other. As previously noted, these plates

Bruce, Michael

2005-03-24T22:06:00.000-08:00

Bruce's parents gave him a good education, and he attended four winter sessions at the University of Edinburgh. In 1766 he wrote his last and finest poem, “Elegy Written in Spring.” His reputation

Taraki, Nur Mohammad

2005-03-24T15:56:00.000-08:00

Born into a rural Pashtun family, Taraki attended night school while working as a clerk in Bombay, India, where he learned English. In the late 1940s he worked in the press department of the Afghan government and in 1953 was appointed attaché at the

Inland Sea

2005-03-22T19:57:00.000-08:00

Japanese Seto-naikai, the body of water lying between the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. It is composed of five distinct basins linked together by channels. Its east-west length is about 270 miles (440 km), and its waters are easily navigable. The sea has an irregular coastline and is dotted with hundreds of small islands, the largest of which is Awaji Island in the east. Entrance to

Tobruk

2005-03-22T16:31:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Tubruq port, northeastern Libya. It was the site of Antipyrgos, an ancient Greek agricultural colony, and thereafter of a Roman fortress guarding the Cyrenaican frontier. The town later became a way station on the coastal caravan route. Because it is Libya's only natural harbour, Tobruk was occupied by the Italians as early as 1911 and was subsequently used as a naval and air base

Tulancingo

2005-03-22T15:22:00.000-08:00

City, southeastern Hidalgo estado (“state”), north-central Mexico. Tulancingo lies along the Río Grande de Tulancingo, at 7,290 feet (2,222 m) above sea level. It was taken from the Toltec Indians by the Spaniards in the 1520s. The city, which contains several colonial churches, became the seat of a bishopric in 1862. It is an agricultural (barley and alfalfa) and industrial centre and has several

Eni

2005-03-21T17:45:00.000-08:00

Eni is an outgrowth of Agip (Azienda Generale Italiana Petroli), an oil and gas agency set up by the Italian fascist

åbo, Treaty Of

2005-03-20T23:37:00.000-08:00

(1743), peace settlement that concluded the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–43 by obliging Sweden to cede a strip of southern Finland to Russia and to become temporarily dependent on Russia. As a result of the Great Northern War (Treaty of Nystad, 1721), Sweden had lost Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, and part of Karelia to Russia. In 1741 Sweden reached a secret understanding (through French mediators) with

åbo, Treaty Of

2005-03-19T17:38:00.000-08:00

India's second largest trade union federation after the Indian National Trade Union Congress. The AITUC was formed by the Indian National Congress (the central organ of the independence movement) in 1920 to represent India at the International Labour Organisation of the League of Nations. During the 1920s British communists, in trying to organize trade unions, gained control

Nathan, Maud

2005-03-19T08:53:00.000-08:00

Nathan was an elder sister of writer and antisuffragist Annie Nathan (Meyer). In April 1880 she married her cousin Frederick Nathan. Early in her married life she involved herself in such community service organizations as the New York Exchange for Women's

France, History Of, The Frondes

2005-03-18T15:44:00.000-08:00

The years of Louis XIV's minority were dominated by the Frondes, a series of civil disturbances that lasted from 1648 to 1653. The government's financial difficulties were once more at the root of the trouble. In the first few years of the regency a variety of expedients were tried to raise additional revenue for the war with Spain. There was about these expedients an air of arbitrariness

Quidor, John

2005-03-18T05:27:00.000-08:00

At age nine Quidor moved with his family to New York City. He began his career

Villoresi, Luigi ("gigi")

2005-03-17T20:11:00.000-08:00

Italian race-car driver for Maserati, Ferrari, and Lancia teams during the 1930s, '40s, and '50s who was considered the most elegant racer of his time (b. May 16, 1909--d. Aug. 24, 1997).

Respiratory Disease

2005-03-17T18:12:00.000-08:00

Diseases of the respiratory system may affect any of the structures and organs that have to do with breathing—the nasal cavities, the throat (pharynx), the larynx, the windpipe (trachea), the airways (bronchi), and the lung tissue. In addition, respiration is dependent on normal functioning of the muscles

Ahmed Vefik Pasa

2005-03-16T04:14:00.000-08:00

Born into a family of diplomats, Ahmed Vefik was appointed (1849) imperial commissioner in the Danubian principalities and later ambassador to Persia and to France. He presided

Wang Ching-wei

2005-03-16T03:23:00.000-08:00

As a student of Western thought in Japan, Wang joined the newly formed

Enugu

2005-03-15T15:39:00.000-08:00

Town, capital of Enugu state, south-central Nigeria, at the foot of the Udi Plateau. It is on the railroad from Port Harcourt, 150 miles (240 km) south-southwest, and at the intersection of roads from Aba, Onitsha, and Abakaliki. The town owes its existence to the discovery of coal on the plateau in 1909, which led to the building of Port Harcourt. With the completion of the railway from the

Pacific Ocean, Relief

2005-03-15T13:53:00.000-08:00

The Pacific basin may conveniently be divided into three major physiographic regions: the eastern, western, and central Pacific regions.

Racibórz

2005-03-15T10:13:00.000-08:00

According to tradition, Racibórz was founded by a Slavic tribal ruler, Prince Racibor, in the 9th century and was united with Poland in the 10th. It was granted municipal rights in the 13th century and became the seat of a trade fair and handicrafts industry. It passed to the Habsburgs

Spore

2005-03-14T22:07:00.000-08:00

Spores are produced by bacteria

Brecht, Arnold

2005-03-13T20:13:00.000-08:00

After studying at several universities, Brecht received a law degree from the University of Leipzig in 1906 and, after in-service training, was appointed a judge in Lübeck in 1910. In the same year

Disney, Walt

2005-03-13T11:54:00.000-08:00

Byname of Walter Elias Disney American motion-picture and television producer and showman, famous as a pioneer of animated cartoon films and as the creator of such cartoon characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck. He also planned and built Disneyland, a huge amusement park that opened near Los Angeles in 1955, and before his death he

Canterbury

2005-03-12T01:31:00.000-08:00

Local government region, east-central South Island, New Zealand, centred on the Canterbury Plains. The region borders the Pacific Ocean to the east and extends southward from the vicinity of Kaikoura to the Waitaki River and includes the city of Christchurch and Banks Peninsula. Canterbury's area also stretches westward to include the eastern slopes of the Southern

Zond

2005-03-11T04:09:00.000-08:00

Any of a series of eight unmanned Soviet lunar and interplanetary probes. Zond 1 (launched April 1964) and Zond 2 (November 1964) were aimed at Venus and Mars respectively, but failed to send back data on the planets. Zond 3 (July 1965) transmitted closeup photographs of 3,000,000 square miles (7,800,000 square kilometres) of the lunar surface, including the hidden side, before going into solar orbit. Zond 5 (September

Zane, Betty

2005-03-11T01:42:00.000-08:00

Zane lived in her native Virginia (now part of West Virginia) in the town of Wheeling, which was founded in 1769 by her older brothers Ebenezer,

Gailhard, John

2005-03-10T19:32:00.000-08:00

In his

Synagogue Council Of America

2005-03-10T01:24:00.000-08:00

A Jewish organization founded in 1926 to provide most congregationally affiliated Jews (regardless of individual differences) with a common voice in interfaith activities, especially those involving Christians. Council membership thus includes as Orthodox constituents the Rabbinical Council of America and the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America;

Uesugi Kenshin

2005-03-09T17:31:00.000-08:00

Nagao Torachiyo was the third son of the head of Echigo province in northeastern Japan. With the death of his father in 1543, the family's control of the area began to disintegrate. Torachiyo not only restored order to the area but also gained control of neighbouring

Arachnid

2005-03-08T21:59:00.000-08:00

Any member of the class Arachnida, part of the invertebrate phylum Arthropoda. Arachnida includes forms such as spiders (Araneida), harvestmen (daddy longlegs; Opiliones), scorpions (Scorpionida), and mites and ticks (Acari), as well as lesser-known groups. Only a few species are of economic importance, including the acarids that transmit diseases to humans, other animals,

Lace

2005-03-08T08:23:00.000-08:00

Ornamental, openwork fabric formed by looping, interlacing, braiding (plaiting), or twisting threads. The dividing line between lace and embroidery, which is an ornamentation added to an already completed fabric, is not easy to draw; a number of laces, such as Limerick and filet lace, can be called forms of embroidery upon a more or less open fabric. On the other hand, fancy

Abbate, Niccolò Dell'

2005-03-08T08:14:00.000-08:00

He began his career in Modena as a student of the sculptor Antonio Begarelli. His “Martyrdom of St. Peter and

Pacorus

2005-03-06T20:47:00.000-08:00

In the summer of 51 BC Pacorus was sent to invade Syria with an army commanded by Osaces, an older warrior. Osaces, however, was killed in battle, and early the next year Orodes, learning that one of his satraps was conspiring to make Pacorus king, recalled his son. In 45, Pacorus intervened in

Adamson, Joy; And Adamson, George

2005-03-06T04:30:00.000-08:00

Following an education in Vienna and two divorces, Austrian-born Joy Gessner, living in Kenya from 1939, married George Adamson (1944), a British game warden who had

Scorsese, Martin

2005-03-06T00:17:00.000-08:00

Scorsese was a frail, asthmatic child who grew up in New York City in an Italian-American neighbourhood on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His early interest in film returned after he tried unsuccessfully to enter the Roman Catholic

Dagomba

2005-03-05T01:53:00.000-08:00

According to tradition, the Dagomba kingdom was founded by northern invaders in the 14th century.

Switzerland, Roman Switzerland

2005-03-04T18:09:00.000-08:00

From AD 101 to 150 Celtic, Rhaetian, and Roman peoples lived together in almost unbroken peace. The Romans enlarged the old Celtic settlements and built new towns such as Augusta Raurica (now Augst), on the Rhine east of Basel; Dunum (Thun), at the head of Lake Thun (Thuner See); Novodunum (Nyon), on the shores of Lake Geneva; Aventicum (Avenches), near Lake Morat; Eburodunum (Yverdon), on the southwest

Great Barrington

2005-03-04T16:44:00.000-08:00

Town (township), Berkshire county, southwestern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies along the Housatonic River, in the Berkshire Hills, 19 miles (31 km) south of Pittsfield, and includes the communities of Great Barrington and Housatonic. Settled in 1726, the site was set off from Sheffield and incorporated in 1761. It was probably named for the 2nd Viscount Barrington, a nephew of the Massachusetts

China, Invasion of the Chin

2005-03-04T01:21:00.000-08:00

The Mongol armies started their attack in 1211, invading from the north in three groups; Genghis Khan led the centre group himself. For several years they pillaged the country; finally, in 1214 they concentrated upon the central capital of the Chin, Chung-tu (modern Peking). Its fortifications proved difficult to overcome, so the Mongols concluded a peace and withdrew. Shortly

National Aquarium In Baltimore

2005-03-03T14:40:00.000-08:00

One of the largest public aquariums in the United States. The aquarium, which opened in 1981 in the Inner Harbor area of Baltimore, Md., was financed largely by the city but was designated a “national” aquarium by the U.S. Congress. Of the more than 10,000 marine and freshwater animals maintained by the aquarium, many are marine mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. The decor and effect

Biblical Literature, The roles of Deborah, Gideon, and Jephthah

2005-03-03T02:23:00.000-08:00

The first notably important judge of the tribal confederacy was Deborah, who was primarily a seer, poet, and interpreter of dreams but still a person endowed with the kind of charisma that identified her as a judge sent from Yahweh. The story of the victory of the Israelites under the charismatic leadership of Deborah and the military leadership of Barak, her commander,

Cancer, DNA repair defects

2005-03-02T17:54:00.000-08:00

Defects in two mismatch repair genes, called MSH2 and MLH1

Aeschylus, Texts

2005-03-02T00:05:00.000-08:00

The Greek text is available in Denys Page (ed.), Aeschyli septem quae supersunt tragoedias (1972, reprinted 1975), in the Oxford Classical Text series. Herbert Weir Smyth (trans.), Aeschylus, 2 vol. (1922–26, reprinted 1973–83), in the Loeb Classical Library series, presents the original text with an English translation.

Sailing

2005-03-01T17:47:00.000-08:00

The sport or pastime of cruising or racing in a sailboat or, more generally, in any large craft propelled by either sail or motor. See yacht.

Tigerware

2005-02-28T17:04:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Tygerware, 16th- and 17th-century German stoneware having a brown, mottled glaze, and made in the Rhenish centres of Cologne and Frechen, Ger. Tigerware was imported to England and imitated there in the different medium of delft, or tin-glazed earthenware; the imitations were also called tigerware. Tin-glazed jugs in this style—called Malling jugs—are among the earliest class of English

Dies Irae

2005-02-28T16:34:00.000-08:00

The hymn ascribed to Thomas of Celano contains 18 rhymed stanzas (17 tercets, 1 quatrain), to which a later, anonymous writer added an unrhymed couplet, ending in “Amen.” The impressive plainsong melody to which the

Biblical Literature, Roman Catholicism

2005-02-28T02:59:00.000-08:00

Liturgical worship in both Judaism and Christianity is an action that moves within the framework of biblical ideas and explains itself in biblical language. Preoccupied with really different views from opposite windows, Jews and Christians have often overlooked the common heritage that they share. This has likewise been true of the differences between Eastern

Hope

2005-02-27T19:03:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1939) of Hempstead county, southwestern Arkansas, U.S., about 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Texarkana. It was founded in 1852 as a station on the Cairo and Fulton (now Union Pacific) Railroad and was named for the daughter of James Loughborough, a railroad land commissioner who laid out the town site. It developed as a shipping centre for timber and agricultural products, notably

Kellermann, François-christophe, Duc (duke) De Valmy

2005-02-27T00:06:00.000-08:00

Born into a family of the judicial nobility, Kellermann became an officer in the French Army in 1752. He fought with distinction against the Prussians and British during the Seven Years' War (1756–63) and was subsequently

Sardanapalus

2005-02-26T18:24:00.000-08:00

According to the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, Sardanapalus was the last of a line of 30 kings of Assyria, who exceeded all his predecessors

Stranitzky, Joseph Anton

2005-02-26T01:45:00.000-08:00

Stranitzky began his career as an itinerant puppeteer. After his arrival in Vienna (c. 1705) he formed his own company, which performed burlesques and farces in German, often based on Italian libretti. By 1711 he and his troupe had become

Juan De Austria

2005-02-25T09:47:00.000-08:00

Removed from his mother, a burgher's daughter, at an early age, he was

Quaker

2005-02-25T04:38:00.000-08:00

Byname of Friend, member of a Christian group (the Society of Friends, or Friends church) that stresses the guidance of the Holy Spirit, that rejects outward rites and an ordained ministry, and that has a long tradition of actively working for peace and opposing war. George Fox, founder of the society in England, recorded that in 1650 “Justice Bennet of Derby first called us Quakers because

Lesser Slave Lake

2005-02-24T16:01:00.000-08:00

Lake in central Alberta, Canada, 130 miles (209 km) northwest of Edmonton and 400 miles (640 km) south of Great Slave Lake (in the Northwest Territories). It is 60 miles (97 km) long by 12 miles (19 km) wide and has an area of 451 square miles (1,168 square km). Fed by many small streams, it drains eastward into the Athabasca River via the Lesser Slave River. The name, first used by the Cree Indians, refers to the Slave (Dogrib)

Chile, Transportation

2005-02-24T01:29:00.000-08:00

The country's length and physical barriers constrain communication and traffic flow. Only the sea offers an expeditious means of transportation, which was taken advantage of during the 19th century when Chile owned one of the largest merchant fleets in Latin America. Chile's overall economic decline during the early 20th century and the supplanting of maritime transport

Chiavari

2005-02-23T16:48:00.000-08:00

Town, Genova provincia, Liguria regione, northwestern Italy. It lies on the Riviera di Levante at the mouth of the Entella River, east of Genoa. The town grew up on the traces of a Roman camp on the Via Aurelia. A pre-Roman necropolis dating from the 8th to 7th century BC has been uncovered there. The old town contains numerous arcades and buildings from the 13th century, including

Brandt, Bill

2005-02-23T08:51:00.000-08:00

Following early schooling in Germany and a stay in Switzerland, during which he took up photography, Brandt briefly worked in the Paris studio of the American artist and photographer Man Ray in 1929. In 1931 he returned

Moscow Canal

2005-02-23T00:28:00.000-08:00

Russian Kanal Moskva, ship waterway linking Moscow to the Volga River at Ivankovo, north of Moscow. Built between 1932 and 1937, the canal replaced the canalized Moskva River, which can take only small craft, as the main water access to Moscow. The water journey to the important industrial centre of Nizhny Novgorod (formerly Gorky) was shortened by 75 miles (120 km). Along the Moscow Canal's length of 80 miles (128 km)

Kyrgyz

2005-02-22T18:15:00.000-08:00

Like other Central Asian peoples, the Kyrgyz were traditionally

Anarchism, Poetry and prose

2005-02-21T16:48:00.000-08:00

Anarchist presses published an enormous quantity of verse—indeed, before 1960 they published more poetry than all other forms of creative writing put together. Among the finest poets of anarchism was Voltairine de Cleyre, whom Emma Goldman considered the “most gifted and brilliant anarchist woman America ever produced.” Although the anarchist themes of de Cleyre's

Southern Africa, Xhosa-Dutch conflict

2005-02-20T20:49:00.000-08:00

Settler expansion to the Cape's eastern frontier was blocked by the 1770s when trekboers came up against numerous Xhosa farmers in the area of the Great Fish River. During the 18th century the Xhosa had been embroiled in two major civil wars over the chiefly succession, of which the more important was the dispute, between the paramount Gcaleka and his ambitious brother

Ibn Al-farid

2005-02-20T20:42:00.000-08:00

Son of a Syrian-born inheritance-law functionary, Ibn al-Farid studied for a legal career but abandoned law for a solitary religious life in the Muqattam hills near Cairo. He spent some years in or near Mecca, where he met the renowned Sufi as-Suhrawardi of

Ithaca

2005-02-20T10:26:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1817) of Tompkins county, south-central New York, U.S. It lies at the southern end of Cayuga Lake (one of the Finger Lakes), 55 miles (89 km) southwest of Syracuse. Within the city are picturesque gorges cut by several creeks. Founded in 1789 by Simeon DeWitt, surveyor general of New York, it had formerly been a part of the military tract granted in 1782 to veterans of the American Revolution.

Quillen, Daniel Gray

2005-02-19T22:55:00.000-08:00

Quillen was awarded the Fields Medal at the International

Acanthus

2005-02-19T17:16:00.000-08:00

In architecture and decorative arts, a stylized ornamental motif based on a characteristic Mediterranean plant with jagged leaves, Acanthus spinosus (for illustration, see order). It was first used by the Greeks in the 5th century BC on temple roof ornaments, on wall friezes, and on the capital of the Corinthian column. One of the best examples of its use in the Corinthian

Gauge

2005-02-18T09:03:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Gage, in manufacturing and engineering, a device used to determine, either directly or indirectly, whether a dimension is larger or smaller than another dimension that is used as a reference standard. Some devices termed gauges may actually measure the size of the object to be gauged, but most gauges merely indicate whether the dimensions of the test object are sufficiently

Feller, Bob

2005-02-18T08:58:00.000-08:00

Feller was signed to a contract with the New Orleans Pelicans in 1935 and joined the Cleveland Indians mid-season in 1936. Initially Feller

Thomas, D.m.

2005-02-17T23:33:00.000-08:00

Thomas served in the British army and then studied at the University of Oxford (B.A., 1958; M.A., 1961). He made his initial reputation as a poet whose subjects range from eroticism to science fiction to his native Cornwall; his later collections,

Aquarius

2005-02-17T19:54:00.000-08:00

In astrology,

Lophophore Hypothesis

2005-02-17T10:54:00.000-08:00

Viewpoint that conodonts, small toothlike structures found as fossils in marine rocks over a long span of geologic time, are actually parts of and supports for a lophophore organ used for respiration and for gathering or straining minute organisms to be used as food. Lophophores are frilled or fringed organs possessed by many kinds of animals, including brachiopods

Mohammed, Warith Deen

2005-02-17T00:31:00.000-08:00

The seventh son of Elijah Muhammad, the leader of the Nation of Islam, Mohammed was marked for leadership of the society even before his birth. The founder

Lorengau

2005-02-15T21:55:00.000-08:00

Town, northeastern Manus Island, in the Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea. It lies on Seeadler Harbour. Captured by the Japanese in 1942, the settlement was retaken by Allied forces in 1944 and eventually became part of a large U.S. naval and air base. As a port, the town handles the local copra production. Pop. (1990 prelim.) 4,547.

Aerospace Industry, Working of materials

2005-02-14T05:18:00.000-08:00

Metals are cut, shaped, bored, bent, and formed by tools and machines operated manually or, increasingly, under the control of computers programmed to guide the necessary operations consistently and with greater precision than can normally be provided by humans. The parallels for electrical and electronic fabrication are robotic tools for insertion of components

Arts, Central Asian, Ghaznavids and Ghurids

2005-02-14T03:35:00.000-08:00

Alp Tigin, a slave of Turkic origin at the Samanid court, escaped in AD 962 to Kabul, where he rapidly gained control of the town. He transferred his headquarters to Ghazna in central Afghanistan and established his dynasty there. Few Ghaznavid works of art have survived, but the admirably proportioned and decorated mortuary towers at Ghazna are architectural achievements

Chi-lung

2005-02-14T01:02:00.000-08:00

Conventional Keelung shih (municipality), northern Taiwan, and the principal port of Taipei, 16 mi (26 km) southwest. The municipality has an area of 51 sq mi (133 sq km). Chi-lung first became known by that name, said to have been a corruption of Ketangalan, the name of a tribe of aboriginal peoples who lived in the district, in the 17th century. The location was occupied in 1626 by the Spanish, who built a fort on the island

Uwajima

2005-02-13T21:49:00.000-08:00

City, Ehime ken (prefecture), Shikoku, Japan. It faces the Bungo Channel between the Inland Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Uwajima developed as a castle town in the late 16th century. Connected by rail to major ports on the Inland Sea in 1945, it became the transport hub of southwestern Shikoku. The port is an active fishing centre; associated industries produce ships, processed foods,

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint

2005-02-13T17:03:00.000-08:00

Escape from the feudal world, rapid commitment

Celestial Sphere

2005-02-13T01:48:00.000-08:00

The apparent surface of the heavens, on which the stars seem to be fixed. For the purpose of establishing coordinate systems to mark the positions of heavenly bodies, it can be considered a real sphere at an infinite distance from the Earth. The Earth's axis, extended to infinity, touches this sphere at the north and south celestial poles, around which the heavens seem

Hohe Tauern

2005-02-12T09:36:00.000-08:00

Segment of the Eastern Alps in southern Austria, extending for 70 miles (110 km) between the Zillertal Alps and the Italian border (west) and Katschberg Pass (east). Within the range lie many lofty peaks, including Grossglockner (q.v.; 12,457 feet [3,797 m]), the highest point in Austria. The range is crossed by road through the Felber Tauern Tunnel (east of Grossvenediger) and through the Hochtor

France, History Of, Alienation and coups

2005-02-11T11:57:00.000-08:00

After the Fructidor coup of 1797 the Directory imprudently resumed the republic's assault on the Roman Catholic religion. Besides prohibiting the outward signs of Catholicism such as the ringing of church bells or the display of crosses, the government revived the Revolutionary calendar. Instituted in 1793, the new calendar featured a 10-day week called the décade, designed

Haberler, Gottfried Von

2005-02-10T23:30:00.000-08:00

Austrian-born U.S. economist and educator (b. July 20, 1900, Purkersdorf, Austria--d. May 6, 1995, Washington, D.C.), was an expert on international trade and a staunch advocate of free-market principles. Haberler was educated (B.A., 1923; Ph.D., 1925) at the University of Vienna, where he adopted an "Austrian" school of thought that was identified with a generation of top economists who attended that university.

Carloman

2005-02-10T13:46:00.000-08:00

Second son of Louis II and king of France or the West Franks (882–884). On Louis II's death (879) Carloman was associated with his brother Louis III as king of the West Franks, but both, as the children of a first marriage that had been unacceptable to their grandfather Charles the Bald, had difficulty in obtaining recognition. On Louis's death (882) Carloman became sole ruler. He died while

Auerbach, Erich

2005-02-10T05:01:00.000-08:00

After gaining a doctorate in philology at the University of Greifswald, Germany, in 1921, Auerbach served as librarian for the Prussian State Library. From 1927 to 1947 he was professor of Romance philology at the University of Marburg in Germany and at the Turkish State University

Carracci, Lodovico

2005-02-09T07:14:00.000-08:00

The son of a butcher, Lodovico was the older cousin of the painters Annibale and Agostino Carracci. After working under the painter Prospero

Monticello

2005-02-08T16:22:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1895) of San Juan county, southeastern Utah, U.S. Founded in 1886 as a point of entry into the nearby Abajo Mountains and named after the Virginia estate of U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, the town grew as a centre for several ranches that hosted a thriving livestock industry. A vanadium-processing plant was built during World War II and converted to uranium production

Clare, Ada

2005-02-08T10:20:00.000-08:00

Jane McElhenney was of a prosperous and well-connected family. From about age 11 she grew up under the care of her maternal grandfather. About 1854 she struck out on her own. In New York City she began contributing love poems and sketches

Ayllón, Lucas Vázquez De

2005-02-08T06:00:00.000-08:00

Going to the West Indies in 1502, he became a judge in the colonial administration of Hispaniola (Santo Domingo). In 1520 he went to Mexico to mediate the dispute between the Spanish commanders Hernán Cortés and Diego Velázquez. An expedition sent by him under